As it does, it creates a catalog, or database, of the results. When you run a search operation, you're actually searching through the database rather than searching through the files on your hard disk.
To determine what types of files to search for and how to search them, the Indexing Service uses a set of preconfigured filters. By default, the service comes with filters for HTML files, text files, and all files created by Microsoft Office , including e-mail. The filter also allows the service to isolate the meaningful text from other content in the document, such as header and formatting information.
In addition to using filters to determine how to search a file, the service has a list of noise words -- words that don't need to be indexed. Words in the noise list include prepositions, common verbs, conjunctions, pronouns, individual letters, and numbers.
The service also gathers other pertinent information about the file. For example, it indexes standard information, such as file size, time and date stamp, and file type. More detailed information about a document includes word count, author, or even the last time the document was printed.
As its name implies, the Change Journal keeps a constantly updated log of any file deletions, additions, or modifications to all folders on the NTFS volume. The Indexing Service can consult with the Change Journal to help determine when new files have been added or when existing files have been modified; it can then proceed to update the index.
As you can imagine, a database of all the files on your hard disk could become extremely large. To deal with the size issue, the service stores its database using NTFS Sparse File, a feature that stores files in a way that requires much less disk space than if they were stored on a FAT-formatted hard disk. Now that you have a good idea of how the Indexing Service works, let's take a look at its default configuration via the Indexing Service console.
Select the Directories folder in the tree to see a list of all the directories the service is configured to monitor. Cortana uses it to provide faster search results from across your PC. Many apps in the Microsoft Store also depend on the index to provide up-to-date search results for your files and other content.
Disabling indexing will result in these apps either running slower or not working at all, depending on how heavily they rely on it. Your Windows 10 PC is constantly tracking changes to files and updating the index with the latest information. To do this, it opens recently changed files, looks at the changes, and stores the new information in the index. All data gathered from indexing is stored locally on your PC.
None of it is sent to any other computer or to Microsoft. However, apps you install on your PC may be able to read the data in the index, so be careful with what you install and make sure you trust the source. A rule of thumb is that the index will be less than 10 percent of the size of the indexed files.
For example, if you have MB of text files, the index for those files will be less than 10 MB. In both cases, the index size will increase dramatically in proportion to the size of the files. If you have lots of small files and need to save space on your PC, consider removing the location of those files from indexing by going to the Indexing Options control panel page and selecting Modify. All language packs installed with Windows include the information for indexing content in that language.
If you have files or other content in a language that isn't installed on your PC, the index will try to make it searchable, but that isn't always possible. There are two options for how much of a file to index: either properties only, or properties and content. For properties only, indexing will not look at the contents of the file or make the contents searchable.
You'll still be able to search by file name—just not file contents. Choosing not to index the contents of files can reduce the size of the index, but it makes files harder to find in some cases. The search index only includes your selected locations by default. These locations can be filtered for what file types extensions , file properties , and file contents you want indexed.
You can choose to use Classic or Enhanced search indexing mode for where your PC will search for files. The index uses the Windows Search service and runs as the Searchindexer.
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